Tang Architecture

 As the climax of the economic and cultural development of China's feudal society in the Tang Dynasty(Lewis,2009), architectural technology and art also had great development.

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Tang Dynasty architecture has the following characteristics:


1. large Scale&Rigorous Layout:

On the basis of the Sui Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty established the capital Chang'an and the eastern capital Luoyang. Both cities have huge palaces, government offices and temples(Steinhardt, 2004).


2. Huge Brackets&Far-reaching Eaves:

After entering the Tang Dynasty, the construction of wooden structure buildings has entered the era of modular production (Zhou& Huang,2020). After determining the bay and depth according to the hierarchical system, the craftsman in charge of the design calculated the size of each component, and then the carpenter began to enter into the programmed operation. After the partial components were processed, they were assembled, forming the bucket arch paving and construction we see today.

3. Mature of "Li" (living space)and "Fang"(commercial space):

The 108 squares of Chang’an City in the Tang Dynasty can be understood as 108 small towns, which are somewhat similar to today’s communities with relatively complete supporting facilities(Steinhardt, 2004). Each square is surrounded by earthen walls, and ordinary residents can only open the doors inside the square. Only nobles and temples can open the door to the street. . Therefore, the shops are all opened in the square, and there are doors on all sides of the wall in the square. The square is opened and closed by ringing bells and drums at sunrise and sunset. This is the origin of "morning bell and evening drum". After the gate is closed, no one is allowed to walk on the street. Only around the 15th of the first lunar month is the gate not closed every year. There is a night ban in the city, and the main street outside the square is not allowed to wander at night, and there are officers and soldiers patrolling, but the supporting facilities in the square are relatively complete, especially in the square with a large number of residents, the nightlife is still rich and colorful when the gate is closed.

4. Neat Layout:

In the Tang Dynasty, Chang'an City still had a central axis symmetry on the whole. The city took the north-south Zhuque Street as the central axis, and the east and west sides were neatly arranged with squares and cities equal in number and area. The streets and squares are neatly lined up side by side, and the east-west and north-south streets intersect in a grid pattern. The Outer Guocheng is divided into grids, and each grid is a square

5. Color :

As can be seen in the existing buildings of the Tang Dynasty, the columns, foreheads, beams, and squares are mostly red and lined with white walls. Most of the main halls are painted with white concave shapes on the side edges of the red Dougong, which are called "swallow tails". Draw a number of white dots horizontally, which is close to the bead pattern. The Wangjing Gate of Huaqing Palace is also painted in vermilion and white(Wang,2017).


In general, the architectural style of the Tang Dynasty is characterized by grandeur, orderliness and cheerfulness.


References:

[1] Lewis, M. E. (2009). China’s cosmopolitan empire: The Tang dynasty. Harvard University Press.

[2] Zhou, H. J., & Huang, J. (2020, June). Analysis of the Differences Between Chinese and Japanese Traditional Wooden Architecture. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 510, No. 5, p. 052017). IOP Publishing.

[3] Steinhardt, N. S. (2004). The Tang architectural icon and the politics of Chinese architectural history. The Art Bulletin, 86(2), 228-254.

[4] Wang, X. (2017, April). Color Study of Chinese Traditional Architecture in Sui and Tang Dynasties. In 2017 International Conference on Innovations in Economic Management and Social Science (IEMSS 2017) (pp. 320-324). Atlantis Press.

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