Han Architecture


Retrieved from: https://www.sohu.com/a/346040109_291647

 The architecture of the Han Dynasty completely possessed the embryonic form of ancient Chinese architecture in terms of steps, structures, and carvings. The following will briefly introduce the most representative details, namely the structure of the bucket arch and the end of the eaves(Yang, n.d).

1. Bucket Arch

The real objects of Han Dougong are found in cliff tombs, stone gates and stone chambers. 

There are many brackets on the octagonal pillars in the tomb of Pengshan Ya Tomb( Fenghua et al., 2022). On the capital of the stigma, there is a dou (that is, a big dou), on which an arch is placed, and a loose dou is placed at each end; above the center of the arch, a small square is formed, like a square head. 

There may be a plate under the bucket, which was not seen after the Tang Dynasty, but it can still be seen in the Yungang Grottoes and in the real objects of the Asuka period in Japan.

 There are two kinds of arch shapes, one is simply bent upwards, which is a curved line of a circle, or it is connected by a straight line of oblique killing, which is almost the initial shape of the split-flap rolling killing in later generations, as is usually seen after the Wei and Tang Dynasties; or curved The S-shape with two facing tops is also seen in the stone tower, but it is not seen in later generations( Steinhardt, 2002). 

The brackets carved on the stone gates in Sichuan and Kangxi all have short pillars erected under the brackets and placed on the forehead squares. The form of the arch also has the above-mentioned two types of single bend and double bend; a small square head may emerge from the center of the arch, or it may not emerge. The plate under the bucket is missing. There is still a stone bucket arch in the remnant site of the Zhutun stone chamber, which supports two scattered buckets with a simple curved arch, which is relatively similar to the shape of the bucket arch of later generations.

2. Eaves End Structure

The stone que is supported by corner beams and rafters; the rafters are arranged parallel to the tile ridge, and the wing angles are spread out, and the front end of the rafters has been rolled up, as is common in later generations(Fenghua et al., 2022) .

There are two types of Han tiles: tube tiles and plank tiles. As shown in Shique and Ming ware, the two are often used together. As is common in later generations, Han tiles have no glaze, but there is a method of applying lime to the ground for coloring. Most of the tiles are round, and some are semicircular. There are three kinds of tile decorations: characters, animals and plants, and the animal decoration is the best.


References:

[1] Yang, Y. A Brief Introduction to Han Fu and Han Dynasty Architectural Culture.

[2]Fenghua, X., Qijun, G., Qi, Z., Liyan, G., Wei, P., & Xia, Z. (2022). Characteristics and Inheritance Analysis of Architectural Culture in Han Dynasty. Frontiers in Art Research, 4(5).

[3]Steinhardt, N. S. (Ed.). (2002). Chinese architecture (pp. 1750-1890). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.



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